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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that the natural processes of living organisms can cause them to develop over time. This includes the creation of new species as well as the change in appearance of existing ones.

Many examples have been given of this, such as different varieties of stickleback fish that can be found in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that are attracted to particular host plants. These reversible traits cannot explain fundamental changes to basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living organisms on Earth is a mystery that has intrigued scientists for many centuries. The best-established explanation is that of Charles Darwin's natural selection process, a process that is triggered when more well-adapted individuals live longer and reproduce more effectively than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a population of well adapted individuals grows and eventually becomes a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process that is characterized by the interaction of three elements that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Mutation and sexual reproduction increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance is the transfer of a person's genetic traits to their offspring which includes both recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring which includes both asexual and sexual methods.

All of these variables must be in harmony to allow natural selection to take place. For example the case where an allele that is dominant at the gene allows an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele, the dominant allele will be more common in the population. If the allele confers a negative survival advantage or reduces the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. The process is self-reinforced, meaning that a species that has a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an inadaptive characteristic. The more offspring that an organism has the more fit it is that is determined by its ability to reproduce itself and survive. Individuals with favorable characteristics, like a longer neck in giraffes or bright white colors in male peacocks are more likely survive and have offspring, and thus will eventually make up the majority of the population in the future.

Natural selection is only an aspect of populations and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which claims that animals acquire characteristics through use or disuse. For example, if a giraffe's neck gets longer through stretching to reach for prey and its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The differences in neck length between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck gets too long to no longer breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles of a gene are randomly distributed in a population. In the end, only one will be fixed (become widespread enough to not more be eliminated through natural selection), and the other alleles decrease in frequency. In extreme cases, this leads to dominance of a single allele. The other alleles have been virtually eliminated and heterozygosity decreased to a minimum. In a small group it could result in the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect and is typical of an evolution process that occurs when the number of individuals migrate to form a population.

A phenotypic bottleneck could occur when survivors of a catastrophe, such as an epidemic or mass hunting event, are condensed within a narrow area. The survivors will have an dominant allele, and will share the same phenotype. This may be caused by a conflict, earthquake or even a disease. The genetically distinct population, if it is left, could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a departure from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known instance of twins who are genetically identical and have the exact same phenotype but one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift can be very important in the evolution of a species. It is not the only method of evolution. The main alternative is a process called natural selection, in which the phenotypic variation of a population is maintained by mutation and migration.

Stephens claims that there is a huge distinction between treating drift as a force or cause, and considering other causes, such as selection mutation and migration as causes and forces. He claims that a causal-process explanation of drift lets us distinguish it from other forces and that this distinction is essential. He argues further that drift has a direction, i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size, that is determined by population size.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Students of biology in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, often referred to as "Lamarckism" which means that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms through adopting traits that result from an organism's use and disuse. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by an giraffe's neck stretching to reach higher branches in the trees. This causes giraffes' longer necks to be passed to their offspring, who would then become taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he presented an innovative concept that completely challenged the conventional wisdom about organic transformation. According Lamarck, living organisms evolved from inanimate materials through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the first to make this claim, but he was widely considered to be the first to offer the subject a thorough and general explanation.

The prevailing story is that Lamarckism was a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and that the two theories fought each other in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually triumphed and led to the creation of what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory denies that acquired characteristics are passed down from generation to generation and instead argues organisms evolve by the selective action of environment factors, including Natural Selection.

Although Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance by acquired characters and his contemporaries also spoke of this idea however, it was not an integral part of any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is due to the fact that it was never scientifically tested.

It's been over 200 year since Lamarck's birth, and in the age genomics there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability acquired characteristics. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a version of evolution that is just as valid as the more popular neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution through adaptation

One of the most widespread misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for 에볼루션 게이밍, visit the up coming webpage, survival. This view is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The fight for survival can be more effectively described as a struggle to survive within a particular environment, which can involve not only other organisms but as well the physical environment.

Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to comprehend evolution. It is a feature that allows a living organism to live in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physiological structure like feathers or fur, or a behavioral trait such as a tendency to move into the shade in the heat or leaving at night to avoid the cold.

The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to obtain energy from the surrounding environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism must possess the right genes for producing offspring and be able find sufficient food and resources. Furthermore, the organism needs to be able to reproduce itself at a high rate within its environmental niche.

These factors, together with gene flow and mutation can result in an alteration in the percentage of alleles (different types of a gene) in the population's gene pool. Over time, this change in allele frequencies could result in the emergence of new traits and ultimately new species.

Many of the characteristics we find appealing in plants and animals are adaptations. For example, lungs or 에볼루션 코리아 바카라사이트 (great post to read) gills that extract oxygen from the air feathers and fur for insulation long legs to run away from predators, 에볼루션카지노사이트 and camouflage to hide. To understand adaptation, it is important to differentiate between physiological and behavioral traits.

Physiological adaptations like the thick fur or gills are physical characteristics, whereas behavioral adaptations, like the tendency to seek out companions or to move to shade in hot weather, are not. It is also important to remember that a lack of planning does not make an adaptation. Inability to think about the effects of a behavior even if it seems to be logical, can cause it to be unadaptive.